Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein produced primarily by the liver in a developing baby (fetus) and the portion of a developing embryo that is similar to the yolk cavity in bird eggs (yolk sac tissues). AFP levels are typically elevated when a baby is born and then decline rapidly.
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein in human beings, and dogs. The level of SAA proteins in blood increases within just a few hours following the onset of various inflammatory stimuli. These include infection, trauma and surgery
Serum Cystatin C(Cys-C) has been proposed as a marker of glomerular filtration rate(GFR). Serum creatinine (creatinine) is widely used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate, but its tubular secretion, dependence on muscle mass, alteration in some inflammatory diseases, and analytical interferences can limit its utility. Thus, Cys-C has been proposed as a novel biomarker of kidney function.